Cultivation of an apple tree People's
Apple-tree Narodnoe is a hybrid obtained by breeding Papirovka and Bellefleur-Chinese. It was bred in 1937 by the Institute of Genetics and Horticulture. I.V. Michurin, and in 1964 it was entered in the state register. The variety showed high yields and good adaptation to different climatic conditions.
- Characteristics of the variety
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Description of the tree and fruit
- Taste
- Yield
- Winter hardiness
- Disease and pest resistance
- Growing regions
- Landing
- Selection of seedlings
- Landing dates
- Landing technology
- Care
- Watering
- Top dressing
- Pruning and shaping the crown
- Prevention and methods of struggle
- Features of ripening and fruiting
- Harvesting and storage
- Apple tree subspecies
- Gardeners reviews
Characteristics of the variety
Initially, the main goal of Professor S.I. Isaeva was an increase in the consumer merits of the original varieties. It was envisaged to increase the shelf life, immunity to scab. The breeding problems have been solved.
Advantages and disadvantages
The apple variety Narodnoye has the following advantages:
- fruits have excellent taste: tasting score - 4.75 points or more.
- winter hardiness (resistant to frost up to - 30 ° C);
- self-fertility (does not require pollinators, even in cloudy weather it is well pollinated);
- early maturity (the first harvest in some regions can be obtained in a year);
- minimal susceptibility to disease;
- long shelf life of fruits (up to 4 months);
- yield (an impressive amount of harvest even for young trees);
Available disadvantages:
- mature trees, unlike young ones, may have irregular fruiting;
- unremarkable color.
Description of the tree and fruit
The hybrid belongs to the group of semi-dwarf fruit trees of the Rosaceae family.
The height of the tree can be 4.5 m. The trunk and branches of the skeletal type have a brownish tint. The crown is round, not prone to thickening, has a slight spreading. Leaves are rich green, matte, slightly fleecy, ovoid.
Ripe apples are light golden in color. They have an irregular rounded shape, ribbed. Gray dots are visible under the outer skin. Some of their fruits have a characteristic dividing seam.
Taste
Outwardly, the People's Apple is not very attractive, but its taste compensates for everything.
The fruits are of the dessert type. The taste is bright, sweet, but unpleasant, with a slight sourness. Juicy, dense yellow pulp.
Yield
Early fruiting tree. The first crop may appear in 1-2 years after planting. The yield increases every year, and the peak comes at 4-5 years.
From one mature apple tree, you can get up to 160-170 kg of fruit, which is a fairly high figure.
Winter hardiness
Due to its excellent winter hardiness, this species can be planted in regions with severe frosts (up to -30 ° C).
But it's better to prepare for the cold weather in advance. To do this, in the winter period, it is necessary to systematically compact the snow, and in its absence, the soil near the tree, so as not to lose moisture and heat.
In the first years of life, apple trees need shelter.This is especially important in areas with snowy and long winters.
After leaf fall, in autumn, at a temperature of about 0 ° C, the branches are tied into bunches and attached to the trunk with a rope thread or cloth (you need to do this carefully so as not to injure the plant). Dress and fix a canvas bag. Such preparation will help the culture through the winter.
Disease and pest resistance
According to the description, the variety is immune to scab and other diseases. But in regions with high humidity, it is necessary to carry out a set of preventive procedures.
Growing regions
It is recommended to cultivate the folk apple tree in the Central region, especially in Moscow and the Moscow region, and also the regions of Belgorod, Saratov, Voronezh and Lipetsk can be attributed there. Good breeding is noted in the Middle Volga region.
On the territory of the Urals and the North-West, the plant needs more thorough preparation for wintering, because susceptible to freezing of shoots that are not formed to frost.
It is necessary to choose an area protected from the wind and shelter young trees 2-3 years after planting.
Landing
This species will show its best qualities if certain conditions for planting and care are met. A semi-dwarf tree will feel comfortable in a small garden.
Selection of seedlings
Seedlings can be purchased both on the market and in the apple nursery. The planting material should be at least 1.5 m, the bark should not be damaged, and the age should be about 1-2 years.
Another sign of a healthy seedling is elastic and well-moisturized roots from 5 to 15 cm. In the case of a fragile root system, there is a possibility of infection of the plant. A young seedling, which is 1-1.5 years old, does not yet have branches.
Landing dates
The best time to plant is the first two months of autumn. The variety is frost-resistant, so it does not need a long adaptation to winter cold snaps.
If the planting period fell on the spring season, then it is better to carry out the procedure from mid-April to mid-May, while it is necessary to take care of watering.
Landing technology
It is necessary to choose a calm place with good lighting. The distance between plants should not be less than 3 m. Before planting, the crown is trimmed a little.
The landing site is dug about 40-50 cm deeper and more of the root system. Fertilizers are buried below the roots or applied by watering.
A prerequisite is to tie the seedling to three pegs - this way it takes root better. It is necessary to water and mulch the trunk circle with either peat or humus.
Care
The hybrid is unpretentious, and also does not need special care. Those who want to get an increased yield from this variety need to water and fertilize in a timely manner.
There is a need for preventive measures to protect the tree from diseases and pests.
Watering
After planting, weekly watering should be provided for the first 4-6 weeks. In dry weather, 10 liters of water are used per apple tree. After 8 weeks, the trees should be watered twice a week. Watering is reduced during the rainy season.
In the future, the schedule should be as follows: once a week, 1-2 buckets of water are consumed per seedling.
Top dressing
Periodically, the culture must be fertilized. Particular attention is paid to this at the initial stage of seedling growth and in the first year of life.
- At the beginning of the growth of the culture, the Effekton preparation (1 tbsp. Per 10 l of water) is suitable for fertilization. Use no more than 2 liters. Young leaves are especially carefully sprayed with it.
- In June, 2 dressings with Effekton are carried out at intervals of 2 weeks. Instructions for use are indicated on the packaging.
- In the first year of planting, in July, ash is scattered around the seedling in a layer of 2-3 cm, after which it is watered.
- In the fall, the trunk circle is mulched with the laying of peat about 20-30 cm.After collecting the fruits, 300 g of potassium sulfate and superphosphate R are scattered along the near-stem circle. If the season is dry, the land must be watered in advance (about 30 liters per seedling).
- Mature trees need feeding. The crop may become irregular, it is necessary to apply phosphate-potassium fertilizers.
Pruning and shaping the crown
The crown is not prone to thickening, and in a simple garden does not need annual pruning. A good harvest will still be guaranteed. If necessary, cut only unhealthy, defective and injured branches.
If the apple tree branches weakly, in the period of late spring or early autumn, the lateral shoots are shortened by 1/3. This variety only requires sanitary pruning.
Prevention and methods of struggle
The variety is prone to some lesions.
- Powdery mildew. Depending on the time of the lesion, it is necessary to use different methods of treatment. Water-soluble repellent Topaz and fungicidal preparation are used immediately after flowering, and after harvesting the fruits, copper sulfate or Topaz. For prevention, infected trees are sprayed with ash decoction at intervals of 2 weeks.
- Scab. Before the growing season and in the summer, both the apple tree and the ground are sprayed with the preparation Skor. Preventive measures for this disease are rejuvenation of trees, sufficient air circulation, waterlogging is not allowed, fallen leaves are removed in a timely manner.
- Bacterial burn. In the year of disembarkation, in early July, as well as after heavy rains and prolonged heat, the culture can be sprayed with a solution of Streptomycin. In the second year of life, it is recommended to use a tetracycline solution. With the threat of popularizing the disease, it is better to burn the plant.
Prevention will be the correct arrangement of trees, the correct choice of planting material. It is important not to injure the plant when using sharp instruments.
After the elimination of the infected apple tree, the earth is disinfected with copper sulfate.
Features of ripening and fruiting
The beginning of fruiting occurs in late summer or early autumn.
The ripeness period is determined by the size of the fruit and the color of the skin. An apple can reach 8 cm or more in size, and it will be light green in color. It is he who is subject to long-term storage.
The fruits are able to stay on the tree for a long period and not fall off. The harvest continues until mid-autumn, and sometimes the last apples are harvested with the first autumn frosts.
Harvesting and storage
If long storage is expected, it is better to harvest an unripe crop. But it is recommended to eat the ripe fruit that has all the richness of taste.
The collected fruits are laid in special wooden boxes, covered with sawdust in a layer of 2 cm. They are covered with paper, then apples are put in 5 layers, each of them is covered with paper. The fruits should not touch each other. The storage temperature should be around 0 ° C.
Apple tree subspecies
In 1961, the Uslada variety was obtained by re-hybridizing Narodny and Severyanka. The apple tree has gray bark and brown branches. Crohn needs shaping. The species is early-ripening, high-yielding, medium-sized apple.
Gardeners reviews
Gardeners believe that even a novice gardener will quickly cope with leaving. This is an unpretentious species with good immunity. The tree does not need pruning, which makes it much easier to care for. The fruits retain their quality characteristics for a long time, but it is advisable to pick them when they are not fully ripe.
It is recommended to be attentive to fertilizing, they will have a positive effect on the future harvest.
The plant is hardy, and with proper and careful care it can live and bear fruit for a long time.