Organization of a business plan for a mini pig farm
If you love animals and want to work for yourself, then starting your own business may be the way out. Of all the business options, pig breeding is the most popular among rural residents. Before engaging in this type of activity, you need to make a business plan for a mini pig farm. Pork meat is a popular commodity, and the price for it is substantial. Pigs are unpretentious, their breeding does not require complex technologies. However, as in any business, here everything must be weighed and calculated in advance so that the expected profit does not turn into losses.
Pig farm business plan
A business plan for breeding pigs should consist of an account of possible costs and income, as well as points of sale of finished products.
A business plan for a pig farm can be drawn up both independently and by contacting specialists. It should have been clearly calculated, then the farmer will have all possible risks to zero. Pig people know that while caring for animals is not difficult, it takes time. In order for it to be enough, the daily routine of the owner of the animals must change. Also, pigs require regular grooming, only they need to be fed several times a day. And at first, this business will need initial capital. For this, a novice pig breeder must evaluate his strength in physical and financial terms.
Highlights
If the farm is planned to be small, for oneself, with the sale of surplus by acquaintances, then the owner only needs to arrange a private household plots (personal backyard). However, if the pig farm is planned on a large scale, it is more convenient to arrange this business as an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur). Of course, the persons who have formalized everything officially will have to make tax deductions, draw up the corresponding papers in different organizations. But they will be able to raise as many pigs as they want.
It is worth writing a business plan. So, having written down all the estimated income and expenses on paper, a novice pig breeder will better see how much money and for what purposes he will need. If there is no experience and not too much finances, it is worth buying a few animals, and if it goes on, then develop your business further.
For pig breeding, a business plan must be drawn up taking into account the climatic and regional characteristics of the breeder's residence. It will not be superfluous to ask if there are similar farms nearby where pigs are raised. If a person wants to seriously engage in pig breeding, then he cannot do without high-quality breeding animals.
Before buying animals, you need to decide on the breed, which should also be included in the business plan for breeding domestic pigs. Initially, you should focus on breeds that produce a lot of fat and meat.It is not very profitable to breed pigs only for a tribe, since it will not be possible to get high-quality animals that meet all the breed standards without the skills of a veterinarian or a livestock technician. However, this option should not be discounted: piglets can be sold if you suddenly need cash or if there is a shortage of feed, so it is profitable even if you have a mini-pig farm.
How to get the maximum income from your business
Everyone knows that meat and lard are obtained from pigs, so raising pig heads at home should focus on this aspect. However, other products for sale can also be used. You should not refuse to sell skins, blood or even farm manure for sale. It is only worth learning about the ways of selling all this product in advance.
Pork can be sold not only raw, but also ready-made. Farm-made smoked bacon is always appreciated by lovers of meat products, minced meat, sausages and much more are readily bought by both citizens and public catering enterprises. The simplest thing is to build a smokehouse. The advantage of such a solution will be not only additional income, but also a longer shelf life of the products sold.
All of the above must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan. It is also worth making the following points:
- the cost of feed and the place of their purchase;
- costs for the maintenance of the premises for pigs;
- possible risks and ways of dealing with them;
- veterinary and zootechnical assistance.
Pig documentation
The business and raising of pigs is not only about the sale and production of certain products. It is also the documentation that, according to the law, regulates this activity. The need to deal with all sorts of legal and bureaucratic issues often frightens people who are not versed in such issues. In fact, it is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. It is best to register a pig farm where it will be located.
It is best to talk with local officials in advance about doing business in their area. It is advisable to do this with a business plan in hand, so that both parties can clarify some issues. This will help the owner build a reputation as a competent and serious owner to do business with. If the owner of a pig farm plans to hire assistants, then officials are usually positive about this intention, as this increases the number of jobs and contributes to the prosperity of the region as a whole.
In some regions where there is a large shortage of jobs, local authorities, on the contrary, strongly encourage such displays of initiative. They can help with the choice of a site for construction, and with paperwork and a loan. You can also find out the mechanism of operation of special programs that operate in the regions to support small and medium-sized businesses.
Pig dwelling and its arrangement
After the documents permitting to open a pig farm are ready, it is worth purchasing a premise for the farm to start functioning. It can be built on purpose, current and converted for the maintenance of pigs from a building of a suitable size. Of course, it will be more expensive to build a barn from scratch, but you can immediately make it warm and convenient for breeding animals. A home farm made according to specific requests, even after the end of the meat business, can be put up for sale. Also, at your request, it will be possible to immediately bring light, water and sewerage to the premises.
If the farm is designed for 100, 300, 500 animals, then you cannot do without hired workers. This means that the business plan must also include the costs of their salaries, and the building design - various auxiliary rooms: an office, a change house, a laboratory, a utility room, a bathroom, and so on. Also, the farm must fully correspond to the number of livestock.
Pig farm room
The pigsty must comply with all sanitary standards, there must be no dirt. For it to be comfortable for animals, it must be light and warm. There should be no drafts in the room, otherwise the pigs may get sick.
After the walls and roof have been erected, the pigsty needs to be equipped. This will require the erection of partitions for the corrals and the installation of equipment. Some owners are in no hurry to equip their farm with modern innovations and in vain. Such equipment will reduce the number of workers and improve the quality of care. Investments in this area will quickly pay off.
If the owner buys used equipment, especially older models, then the price will, of course, be lower. However, such equipment is not very reliable and may fail at any time, then the breeding farm may suffer losses. The owner urgently needs to repair or even purchase new equipment or premises that would be suitable for raising pigs. Such unplanned spending can significantly affect the profitability of the business.
In advanced farms, all aspects of animal care - feeding, water supply, cleaning - are almost completely automated. This has a positive effect on both the health of the pigs and the volume of finished products.
How to choose a breed
Choosing a breed of domestic pigs is not so difficult, the main thing is to study the description of the necessary breeds before buying, familiarize yourself with the characteristics of individuals, see photos and videos of pigs.
Currently, a variety of pig breeds have been bred. They differ in the quality of meat (there are greasy, there are bacon), in climatic conditions, in the time of fattening and fertility. First you need to find out what breed options are suitable for a given area, and only then, based on other criteria, choose the breed that will be grown.
To begin with, you don't have to buy enough animals to fill all the pens. Even with a large pig farm, it is enough to resettle 350-400 heads for the first time. Of this amount, about 15-20 animals are left for breeding. Of these, 2-3 boars, and the rest are sows. The rest of the pigs will go to fattening, then the benefits will be received in six months. It is possible, if there are financial problems, to start with fewer animals, and develop production gradually, in accordance with the availability of money, as well as in accordance with other factors.
Even at the construction stage of the pig farm, the owner should think about settling it. To do this, you should visit other similar farms in the region. There it is worth agreeing on the possibility of acquiring breeding animals, finding out their pedigrees, finding out all the features of this breed. Such attention to tenants will allow solving the following tasks:
- Avoid mating related individuals. This is a very important point, since the offspring from such unions turns out to be unviable.
- Qualities such as weight gain and fertility are inherited. So that there are no further problems with the increase in livestock, you need to immediately start high-quality producers.
- The profitability of the enterprise as a whole depends on the correct selection of breeding animals. The higher the quality of the animals selected for the tribe, the more profit the owner will receive in the future.
In many farms, the so-called Vietnamese breed is now popular. These pigs really have a lot of undeniable advantages:
- they are fertile and bear a large number of piglets at a time;
- they gain weight quickly, therefore they are very cost-effective;
- they have excellent meat quality;
- they are characterized by unpretentiousness in care and fattening;
- they have a stable immunity to various diseases.
Vietnamese pot bellies are very beneficial. The only prerequisite is to provide good care and consideration of the characteristics of the breed. Animals need a place where they can walk. Pigs of the Siberian Northern and Large White breeds are also in demand.In addition to other positive qualities, these breeds are resistant to the cold climate, which is inherent in most of our country.
Feeding pigs
To prevent a pig breeding enterprise from becoming unprofitable, when drawing up a business plan, you need to consider the issue of purchasing feed. If the feed is purchased in small batches, it may be unprofitable, especially for a novice farmer. At this cost, the profit from animal husbandry will be small. It is more convenient to negotiate with the manufacturer and purchase feed in bulk.
The choice of suppliers should be based on recommendations or reviews of independent consumers' products. However, it is also not worth it to save too much and buy low-quality feed. Food should be satisfying, varied, contain all the necessary substances and elements. Otherwise, the pigs will gain weight poorly, in some cases they may get sick. During periods of vitamin deficiency, it is necessary to additionally give animals vitamins and mineral supplements.
Features of pig breeding
It is also worthwhile to decide in advance the issues with the production of offspring by pigs. Females and their babies should be given special attention. If you plan to hire workers, then for this purpose it is better to choose a person who is experienced in this area, responsible and competent. The farm may also require the help of a livestock technician and veterinarian. Pig breeding specialists already have at least basic knowledge. This will help avoid mistakes that many novice owners make out of inexperience.
Correctly carried out mating and caring for the female at the time when the offspring is expected, as well as monitoring the farrowing process, will avoid high mortality among newborn piglets, and this cannot but have a positive effect on the income that will be from the maintenance of a pig farm. If you follow the simple rules for the care and maintenance of animals, then even a novice farmer will be able to raise healthy and active individuals.
The monetary component of the business plan
It is very important for a future pig breeder to know how much profit he will receive from his activities. Let's give an example, where all indicators are calculated for a livestock of 350-400 individuals. In a year, these pigs will eat about 30-35 tons of cereals and 250-300 kg of additives to the main feed. It takes 4-5 people to care for so many pigs. You can not only buy fodder crops, but also grow them yourself. If there is no such site, then you need to initially decide on the issue of obtaining ownership. If the owner plans to grow feed on his own, he should also think about attracting workers for this purpose, purchasing seeds and equipment. All this will also need to be included in the business plan.
The business plan also takes into account the increase in livestock. For example, if there are 15 sows available, then 150 piglets can be obtained from them at a time. Pigs give birth to cubs 2 times a year, therefore, the growth of the herd will be 300 heads per year. During the year under normal conditions of care and fattening, piglets should reach a weight of at least 100 kg. It is worth paying attention to the breed of animals, since such indicators will differ for different breeds. The owner receives about 50-60 kg of pure meat from each pig. This result is increased by the number of piglets. The resulting figure is multiplied by the cost of a kilogram of pork in the region.
The income will be approximately 3,150,000. All expenses should be deducted from this amount: feed, staff services, electricity bills and much more. Based on the market value of the above, the net income of the owner of the pig farm will be 1,000,000 rubles per year. Even if you start from scratch, the investment will pay off within 2-3 years. Further, the enterprise will begin to bring substantial profits to the owner.
It is worth considering that the figures above are average. They may differ in different regions, so it is better for the future owner of a pig farm to make the necessary calculation himself.And after completing all the calculations, everyone will be able to decide for himself whether it is profitable for him to breed pigs or not.